Ethical Research Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Research Practice - Essay Example There is considerable concern about consent issues in relation to groups perceived as 'vulnerable', i.e., where individuals have difficulties in giving initial and continued informed consent because of issues of 'competence'. Groups who are perceived as vulnerable include children and young people, people with mental health problems and people with learning disability. Ethics Committees generally ask that special consideration is given to the ways in which 'vulnerable groups' are accessed and give consent to participate in research to ensure that they understand what participation involves and are not coerced into taking part. The expectation is generally that the researcher should justify the importance of the research and the need to include 'vulnerable' populations and should identify the means whereby informed consent will be obtained - in many cases there will be an expectation that proxy consent (from a parent or relative) may be used to supplement the consent or assent from th e individual who is not seen as competent to give consent in their own right (Baez 2002). It has been argued that researchers should seek consent each time they collect data from a study participant to ensure that they are aware that data are being collected and that they are willing to continue participating in the study.

Dynamic Function Relationships Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dynamic Function Relationships - Research Paper Example The study correlated the mechanical strength as measured by F-max with the thermal stability as measured by Tm, Cm, etc. Introduction Atomic force microscopy, the optical tweezers, alongside other nanotechnology tools has made it possible to induce and monitor large conformational changes in biomolecules. These studies are often performed in helping asses the biomolecules structure, their elastic properties, as well as their ability to work as nanomachines in cells. Stretching studies on protein have increasingly become of particular interest and they have been done in systems more than a hundred. All-atom simulation, such as those reported in refs, has helped the interpretation of such experiments possible. However, they have been limited by order 100 ns time scales. They, thus, need the use of large constant pulling speeds, which are quite unrealistic and elucidate the nature of a force clamp (region that is responsible for the force of pulling, which is the largest) Fmax. It is wo rthwhile noting that virtually all the all-atom, and experimental simulational studies merely address a small fraction of the proteins that are often stored within the Protein Data Bank (PDB). It is, thus, worth considering a large set of proteins in order to determine their largest force of resistance to pulling in any model that allows fast and accurate calculations. In this task, the structure-based model of proteins pioneered by collaborators of Go and applicable is implemented in many projects, seem to be most suitable. This is because the proteins are well defined in respect to the native structure. There are various ways of constructing a structure-based model of proteins. However, their variances differ in the choice of their effective potential, the nature of their local backbone stiffness, course-grained degrees of freedom, and the energy related parameters. The crucial choice concerns making a decision about the interaction between the Count of amino acids as native conta cts. Research has shown that organism often try to adapt their proteins in order to function more effectively within their range of environmental temperature. This implies that proteins, in general, have a certain limited temperature range in which the structural range is maintained. Anything that lies outside this specific thermal span causes denaturalization to occur with the corresponding function loss, such as the enzyme activity. Changing the intrinsic thermal stability of proteins can be achieved through alteration of the amino acids or otherwise extrinsically through addition of the suitable stabilizing effectors such as coenzymes, peptides, cations, and membranes. This paper deals with the mechanical strength of proteins and their thermal stability with a focus on making comparison between the two. In order to appropriately make comparison between the mechanical strength of proteins and their thermal stability, there was need to correlation Cm, Tm, and normalized B-factor an d F-max. In this regard, a mode of experiment B-factors from the PDB database, the experimental lists of protein resilience, single molecule pulling, and protein motion by ANM were used in this study. Materials and Methods The design method to be applied in this study would be a quantitative research design. In social sciences, quantitative research is used to refer to systematic investigation of a phenomenon through a computation technique. The aim of the quantitative

The Collections Of Early Museums Cultural Studies Essay

The Collections Of Early Museums Cultural Studies Essay Early museums began as the private collections of wealthy individuals, families or institutions of art and rare or curious natural objects and artifacts. These were often displayed in so-called wonder rooms or cabinets of curiosities. Public access was often possible for the respectable, especially to private art collections, but at the whim of the owner and his staff. The first public museums in the world opened in Europe during the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment: the Amerbach Cabinet, originally a private collection, was bought by the university and city of Basel in 1661 and opened to the public in 1671. the Royal Armouries in the Tower of London is the oldest museum in the United Kingdom. It opened to the public in 1660, though there had been paying privileged visitors to the armouries displays from 1592. Today the museum has three sites including its new headquarters in Leeds.[2] the Musà ©e des Beaux-Arts et darchà ©ologie in Besanà §on was established in 1694 after Jean-Baptiste Boisot, an abbot, gave his personal collection to the Benedictines of the city in order to create a museum open to the public two days every week.[3] the Museo Sacro, the first museum in the Vatican Museums complex, was opened in Rome in 1756[citation needed] the British Museum in London, was founded in 1753 and opened to the public in 1759.[4] Sir Hans Sloanes personal collection of curios provided the initial foundation for the British Museums collection.[4] the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, which had been open to visitors on request since the 16th century, was officially opened to the public 1765[citation needed] the Belvedere Palace of the Habsburg monarchs in Vienna opened with a collection of art in 1781[citation needed] Louvre in Paris France. The Mona Lisa Painting by Leonardo Da Vinci resides in the Louvre. These public museums, however, were often accessible only by the middle and upper classes. It could be difficult to gain entrance. In London for example, prospective visitors to the British Museum had to apply in writing for admission. Even by 1800 it was possible to have to wait two weeks for an admission ticket. Visitors in small groups were limited to stays of two hours. In Victorian times in England it became popular for museums to be open on a Sunday afternoon (the only such facility allowed to do so) to enable the opportunity for self improvement of the other working classes. The first truly public museum was the Louvre Museum in Paris, opened in 1793 during the French Revolution, which enabled for the first time in history free access to the former French royal collections for people of all stations and status. The fabulous art treasures collected by the French monarchy over centuries were accessible to the public three days each dà ©cade (the 10-day unit which had replaced the week in the French Republican Calendar). The Conservatoire du musà ©um national des Arts (National Museum of Artss Conservatory) was charged with organizing the Louvre as a national public museum and the centerpiece of a planned national museum system. As Napolà ©on I conquered the great cities of Europe, confiscating art objects as he went, the collections grew and the organizational task became more and more complicated. After Napoleon was defeated in 1815, many of the treasures he had amassed were gradually returned to their owners (and many were not). His plan was never ful ly realized, but his concept of a museum as an agent of nationalistic fervor had a profound influence throughout Europe. American museums eventually joined European museums as the worlds leading centers for the production of new knowledge in their fields of interest. A period of intense museum building, in both an intellectual and physical sense was realized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (this is often called The Museum Period or The Museum Age). While many American museums, both Natural History museums and Art museums alike, were founded with the intention of focusing on the scientific discoveries and artistic developments in North America, many moved to emulate their European counterparts in certain ways (including the development of Classical collections from ancient Egypt, Greece, Mesopotamia and Rome). Universities became the primary centers for innovative research in the United States well before the start of the Second World War. Nevertheless, museums to this day contribute new knowledge to their fields and continue to build collections that are useful for both research and display. Purpose Museums collect and care for objects of scientific, artistic, or historical importance and make them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. Many times, museums concentrate on the host regions culture. Although most museums do not allow physical contact with the associated artifacts, there are some that are interactive and encourage a more hands-on approach. Modern trends in museology have broadened the range of subject matter and introduced many interactive exhibits, which give the public the opportunity to make choices and engage in activities that may vary the experience from person to person. With the advent of the internet, there are growing numbers of virtual exhibits, i.e. web versions of exhibits showing images and playing recorded sound. Museums are usually open to the general public, sometimes charging an admission fee. Some museums are publicly funded and have free entrance, either permanently or on special days, e.g. once per week or year. Museums are usually not run for the purpose of making a profit, unlike private galleries which more often engage in the sale of objects. There are governmental museums, non-governmental or non-profit museums, and privately owned or family museums. Museums can be a reputable and generally trusted source of information about cultures and history. Definitions include: permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment, for the purposes of education, study, and enjoyment, by the International Council of Museums;[5] and Museums enable people to explore collections for inspiration, learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artifacts and specimens, which they hold in trust for society, by the UK Museums Association.[6] Types Types of museums vary, from very large collections in major cities, covering many of the categories below, to very small museums covering either a particular location in a general way, or a particular subject, such as an individual notable person. Categories include: fine arts, applied arts, craft, archaeology, anthropology and ethnology, history, cultural history, military history, science, technology, childrens museums, natural history, numismatics, botanical and zoological gardens and philately. Within these categories many museums specialize further, e.g. museums of modern art, local history, aviation history, agriculture or geology. A museum normally houses a core collection of important selected objects in its field. Objects are formally accessioned by being registered in the museums collection with an artifact number and details recorded about their provenance. The persons in charge of the collection and of the exhibits are known as curators. Archaeology museums Archaeology museums specialize in the display of archaeological artifacts. Many are in the open air, such as the Acropolis of Athens and the Roman Forum. Others display artifacts found in archaeological sites inside buildings. Art museums Main article: Art museum Museum of Modern Art An Art museum, also known as an art gallery, is a space for the exhibition of art, usually in the form of art objects from the visual arts, primarily paintings, illustrations, and sculpture. Collections of drawings and old master prints are often not displayed on the walls, but kept in a print room. There may be collections of applied art, including ceramics, metalwork, furniture, artists books and other types of object. Video art is often screened. The first publicly owned museum in Europe was the Amerbach-Cabinet in Basel, originally a private collection sold to the city in 1661 and public since 1671 (now Kunstmuseum Basel).[7] The Uffizi Gallery in Florence was initially conceived as a palace for the offices of Florentian magistrates (hence the name), it later evolved into a display place for many of the paintings and sculpture collected by the Medici family or commissioned by them. After the house of Medici was extinguished, the art treasures remained in Florence, forming one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1765 it was officially opened to the public. Another early public museum was the British Museum in London, which opened to the public in 1759.[4] It was a universal museum with very varied collections covering art, applied art, archaeology, anthropology, history, and science, and a library. The science collections, library, paintings and mod ern sculpture have since been found separate homes, leaving history, archaeology, non-European and pre-Renaissance art, and prints and drawings.[citation needed] The specialised art museum is considered a fairly modern invention, the first being the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg which was established in 1764.[citation needed] The Louvre in Paris was established in 1793, soon after the French Revolution when the royal treasures were declared for the people.[8] The Czartoryski Museum in Krakà ³w was established in 1796 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska.[9] This showed the beginnings of removing art collections from the private domain of aristocracy and the wealthy into the public sphere, where they were seen as sites for educating the masses in taste and cultural refinement. History museums Museum of the Filipino People, Manila History museums cover the knowledge of history and its relevance to the present and future. Some cover specialized curatorial aspects of history or a particular locality; others are more general. Such museums contain a wide range of objects, including documents, artifacts of all kinds, art, archaeological objects. Antiquities museums specialize in more archaeological findings. A common type of history museum is a historic house. A historic house may be a building of special architectural interest, the birthplace or home of a famous person, or a house with an interesting history. Historic sites can also become museums, particularly those that mark public crimes, such as Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum or Robben Island. Another type of history museum is a living museum. A living museum is where people recreate a time period to the fullest extent, including buildings, clothes and language. It is similar to historical reenactment. See also: Medical History Museum (disambiguation) Maritime museums Main article: Maritime museum Maritime museums specialize in the display of objects relating to ships and travel on seas and lakes. They may include a historic ship (or a replica) made accessible as a museum ship. Military and war museums Category:Military and war museums The Canadian War Museum Military museums specialize in military histories; they are often organized from a national point of view, where a museum in a particular country will have displays organized around conflicts in which that country has taken part. They typically include displays of weapons and other military equipment, uniforms, wartime propaganda and exhibits on civilian life during wartime, and decorations, among others. A military museum may be dedicated to a particular service or area, such as the Imperial War Museum Duxford for military aircraft or the Deutsches Panzermuseum for tanks, or more generalist, such as the Canadian War Museum or the Musà ©e de lArmà ©e. Mobile museums Mobile museum is a term applied to museums that make exhibitions from a vehicle, such as a van. Some institutions, such as St. Vital Historical Society and the Walker Art Center, use the term to refer to a portion of their collection that travels to sites away from the museum for educational purposes. Other mobile museums have no home site, and use travel as their exclusive means of presentation. Natural history museums For a more comprehensive list, see List of natural history museums The National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. Museums of natural history and natural science typically exhibit work of the natural world. The focus lies on nature and culture. Exhibitions may educate the masses about dinosaurs, ancient history, and anthropology. Evolution, environmental issues, and biodiversity are major areas in natural science museums. Notable museums of this type include the Natural History Museum in London, the Oxford University Museum of Natural History in Oxford, the Musà ©um national dhistoire naturelle in Paris, the Smithsonian Institutions National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta, Denver Museum of Nature and Science and the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. A rather minor Natural history museum is The Midwest Museum of Natural History is located in Sycamore, Illinois. Open air museums Main article: Open air museum An old farmhouse at the Salzburger Freilichtmuseum in Großgmain near Salzburg. Open air museums collect and re-erect old buildings at large outdoor sites, usually in settings of re-created landscapes of the past. The first one was King Oscar IIs collection near Oslo in Norway, opened in 1881 and is now the Norsk Folkemuseum.[citation needed] In 1891 Artur Hazelius founded the Skansen in Stockholm,[citation needed] which became the model for subsequent open air museums in Northern and Eastern Europe, and eventually in other parts of the world. Most open air museums are located in regions where wooden architecture prevail, as wooden structures may be translocated without substantial loss of authenticity.[citation needed] A more recent but related idea is realized in ecomuseums, which originated in France.[citation needed] Science museums For a more comprehensive list, see List of science museums Museum of Science and Industry Science museums and technology centers revolve around scientific achievements, and marvels and their history. To explain complicated inventions, a combination of demonstrations, interactive programs and thought-provoking media are used. Some museums may have exhibits on topics such as computers, aviation, railway museums, physics, astronomy, and the animal kingdom. Science museums, in particular, may consist of planetaria, or large theatre usually built around a dome. Museums may have IMAX feature films, which may provide 3-D viewing or higher quality picture. As a result, IMAX content provides a more immersive experience for people of all ages. Also new virtual museums, known as Net Museums, have recently been created. These are usually web sites belonging to real museums and containing photo galleries of items found in those real museums. This new presentation is very useful for people living far away who wish to see the contents of these museums. Specialized museums Museum of Toys and Automata in Verdà º, Spain A number of different museums exist to demonstrate a variety of topics. Music museums may celebrate the life and work of composers or musicians, such as the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, or even Rimsky-Korsakov Apartment and Museum in St Petersburg (Russia). Other music museums include live music recitals such as the Handel House Museum in London. In Glendale, Arizona, The Bead Museum[10] fosters the appreciation and understanding of the global historical, cultural and artistic significance of beads and related artifacts. The permanent collection includes beads from around the globe including a 15,000 year old bead. Temporary exhibits are also available. Museums targeted for the youth, such as childrens museums or toy museums in many parts of the world, often exhibit interactive and educational material on a wide array of topics, for example, the Museum of Toys and Automata in Spain. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is an institution of the sports category. The Corning Museum of Glass is devoted to the art, history, and science of glass. The National Museum of Crime Punishment explores the science of solving crimes. The Great American Dollhouse Museum in Danville, Kentucky, U.S.A., is depicts American social history in miniature.[11] Interpretation centres are modern museums or visitors centres that often use new means of communication with the public. In some cases, museums cover an extremely wide range of topics together, such as the Museum of World Treasures in Wichita, KS. Virtual museums A recent development, with the expansion of the web, is the establishment of virtual museums. Online initiatives like the Virtual Museum of Canada[12] provide physical museums with a web presence, as well as online curatorial platforms such as Rhizome.[13] Some virtual museums have no counterpart in the real world, such as LIMAC (Museo de Arte Contemporà ¡neo de Lima),[14] which has no physical location and might be confused with the citys own museum. The art historian Griselda Pollock elaborated a virtual feminist museum, spreading between classical art to contemporary art.[15] Some real life museums are also using the internet for virtual tours and exhibitions. On March 23, Whitney Museum in New York organized what it called the first ever online Twitter museum tour. Zoological parks and botanic gardens Zoos are considered living museums Main article: Zoo Although zoos and botanic gardens are not often thought of as museums, they are in fact living museums. They exist for the same purpose as other museums: to educate, inspire action, and to study, develop and manage collections. They are also managed much like other museums and face the same challenges. Notable zoos include the Bronx Zoo in New York, the London Zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo, the Saint Louis Zoological Park, the San Diego Zoo, Berlin Zoological Garden, the Taronga Zoo in Sydney, Frankfurt Zoological Garden, Jardin des Plantes in Paris, and Zà ¼rich Zoologischer Garten in Switzerland. Notable botanic gardens include Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Chicago Botanic Garden and Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario). Controversies The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (July 2010) The Guggenheim (New York) Controversies have arisen recently regarding artifacts being damaged or being exposed to high risk of damage whilst on loan. For example, an ancient Egyptian stone lion on loan from the British Museum was being manually carried down a flight of stairs (as shown in a BBC Television documentary 2007). The supervisor in charge advised the people carrying it if it starts to fall, let it drop.[citation needed] The irony is that these artifacts have been carefully excavated and transported, often thousands of miles, without damage. Once arriving at a museum the artifact usually does not receive the same level of care and attention that it received whilst being excavated and transported.[citation needed] Another example of this is the recent return of a Terracotta Army horse on loan from a museum in Rome, which showed the item to be damaged on return.[citation needed] As yet, there is no internationally agreed protocol for a level or standard of care of artifacts on display or on loan from museums. Like any institution dedicated to the memorialization of the past, museums play a substantial role in the construction of ideologies and identities, which is accomplished through a variety of means, though these typically pertain to the particular ways in which the past is put on public display. Museums serve to standardize our views of the past by the following means: failing to account for matters of historical (or more accurately, historiographical) dispute; by not providing alternative viewpoints by presenting the past in terms of a coherent, linear, unified narrative by creating complex audio, visual and textual experiences, in which the observer is overwhelmingly confronted by the massive weight of all the physical evidence: the photos, the facts, the personal vignettes-after being penetrated in such an intimate way by a holistic bodily experience, observers are then typically directed to gift shops, where they are likely encouraged to purchase books which can help to further reinforce the desired indoctrination of the museums particular ideology they present a view of history based often based upon the romanticization of the achievements of great men, brilliant thinkers, cultural or scientific innovators, war heroes (and their technologies) As is self-evident to the seasoned traveler, most national museums around the world adhere to the same basic structural patterns, whereby the past is divided up into a series of epochs, beginning with prehistory, then passing through the ancient and medieval worlds until finally arriving at the nations present. This view of the history is plainly teleological, which is to say that the past is depicted as a series of trends and developments aiming at the present condition. The point is often under-emphasized by those who love museums that a sizable percentage of museum artifacts have been acquired unethically (if ethics are defined in a Kantian sense at least). The government of Egypt for instance has consistently pressed the British Museum in London to return the enormous holdings of pharaonic objects seized by British (though not exclusively British) archaeologists during Britains period of colonial administration in Egypt, which began officially in 1882. The National Museum of Iraq was created during the British Mandate period through the efforts of colonial officer and Oriental Secretary of the short-lived British Mandate, Gertrude Bell.[citation needed] Management Vatican Museums The museum is usually run by a director, who has a curatorial staff that cares for the objects and arranges their display. Large museums often will have a research division or institute, which are frequently involved with studies related to the museums items, as well as an education department, in charge of providing interpretation of the materials to the general public. The director usually reports to a higher body, such as a governmental department or a board of trustees. Objects come to the collection through a variety of means. Either the museum itself or an associated institute may organize expeditions to acquire more items or documentation for the museum. More typically, however, museums will purchase or trade for artifacts or receive them as donations or bequests. Miami Art Museum in Miami, Florida For instance, a museum featuring Impressionist art may receive a donation of a Cubist work which simply cannot be fit into the museums exhibits, but it can be used to help acquire a painting more central to the museums focus. However, this process of acquiring objects outside the museums purview in order to acquire more desirable objects is considered unethical by many museum professionals. Larger museums may have an Acquisitions Department whose staff is engaged full time for this purpose. Most museums have a collections policy to help guide what is and is not included in the collection. Museums often cooperate to sponsor joint, often traveling, exhibits on particular subjects when one museum may not by itself have a collection sufficiently large or important. These exhibits have limited engagements and often depend upon an additional entry fee from the public to cover costs. Museum planning Museum planning  and Interpretive planning Sà £o Paulo Museum of Art in Sà £o Paulo, Brazil. The design of museums has evolved throughout history. Interpretive museums, as opposed to art museums, have missions reflecting curatorial guidance through the subject matter which now include content in the form of images, audio and visual effects, and interactive exhibits. Museum creation begins with a museum plan, created through a museum planning process. The process involves identifying the museums vision and the resources, organization and experiences needed to realize this vision. A feasibility study, analysis of comparable facilities and an interpretive plan are all developed as part of the museum planning process. Some museum experiences have very few or no artifacts and do not necessarily call themselves museums; the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles and the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, being notable examples where there are few artifacts, but strong, memorable stories are told or information is interpreted. In contrast, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. uses many artifacts in their memorable exhibitions. Notably, despite their varying styles, the latter two were designed by Ralph Appelbaum Associates. Exhibition design Article: Exhibit design Most mid-size and large museums employ exhibit design staff for graphic and environmental design projects, including exhibitions. In addition to traditional 2-D and 3-D designers and architects, these staff departments may include audio-visual specialists, software designers, audience research and evaluation specialists, writers, editors, and preparators or art handlers. These staff specialists may also be charged with supervising contract design or production services. The exhibit design process builds on the interpretive plan for an exhibit, determining the most effective, engaging and appropriate methods of communicating a message or telling a story. The process will often mirror the architectural process or schedule, moving from conceptual plan, through schematic design, design development, contract document, fabrication and installation. Etymology The English museum comes from the Latin word, and is pluralized as museums (or rarely, musea). It is originally from the Greek ÃŽÅ“ÃŽÂ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ ¡Ã‚ ¿-ÃŽÂ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ (Mouseion), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the Muses (the patron divinities in Greek mythology of the arts), and hence a building set apart for study and the arts,[16] especially the Musaeum (institute) for philosophy and research at Alexandria by Ptolemy I Soter about 280 BCE.[17] The first museum/library is considered to be the one of Plato in Athens.[18] However, Pausanias gives another place called Museum, namely a small hill in Classical Athens opposite the Akropolis. The hill was called Mouseion after Mousaious, a man who used to sing on the hill and died there of old age and was subsequently buried there as well.[19] Most visited museums Main article: List of most visited art museums in the world Audio tour Cell phone tour Museum education Exhibition history Fire Museum Green museum International Museum Day (May 18) List of museums List of transport museums Police Museum Postal museum Public memory Virtual Library museums pages

Essays --

Night Comparison Paper Rough Draft The Italian Jews were among the luckiest Jews during their time. The Italian Jewish community, one of the oldest in Europe, numbered about 50,000 in 1933. They were accepted as important members of the society and were successful in the military, politics, and many more skill professions. Everything went downhill when Benito Mussolini’s government asked the non-Jewish community to turn on their Jewish neighbors, but most of the population said no. As a result, a higher percentage of Italian Jews were saved than in very country except for Denmark. The Italians turned there back on the government, as Italy was allies with Germany but the citizens opposed the Nazi party. This resulted in many Italian-Jews being rescued. Throughout Night and Survival in Auschwitz, both Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi both experienced harsh living conditions under the Nazis. When Elie first arrived at Auschwitz, he witnessed something unforgettable, which was the burning of live infants, which resulted in huge amounts of smoke. He described this day as, "Never shall I forget that night . . ." This was only the beginning as Elie experienced the dehumanization, by being fed a little a day, being forced to work long hours and being crammed in small beds and trains. Throughout his time in camp, Elie had no luxury of showering or taking breaks but on the other hand he was forced to work as a slave. This was no difference for Primo, who experienced a little too. At Fossoli, he was given nothing to drink for four days. Which is torture! Things get worse when he arrives in Auschwitz, as he gets his head shaved, forced to take showers whit no room, and tattooed with numbers. He described it, as â€Å"everything around us speaks of a ... ... of personality but obviously this was not present. Elie and the prisoners struggled to maintain human character traits. Both Levi and Elie experienced the struggle to remain human. Primo Levi’s perspective of the Holocaust really went into detail about the tragic events. I really got a better knowledge of the treatment of the prisoners. Words such as â€Å"terrible† and â€Å"inhumane† were mentioned a lot to describe the treatment by the Nazis. In addition, Primo Levi also touches on how morals and values were thrown aside for survival. This is an interesting topic, which caught my attention. Prisoners during the Holocaust threw their religion aside, which was present in Elie and Primo. They started doubting the existence of a God and started doing things for their own good. Primo Levi really went in depth about the Holocaust and gave me a different perspective.

Civils rights and liberties

Explain why conceptions civil rights or liberties (choose only one) which are supposed to be granted to all under the constitution, changed so greatly In the second half of the twentieth century. Make sure to discuss the court's role in this shift. A civil right Is a right or privilege that represents protections by government power or things government must secure on behalf of its citizens. Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, and assembly; the right to vote; freedom from Involuntary servitude; and the right to equality In public places.Discrimination ccurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of their membership In a particular group or class. Various Jurisdictions have enacted statues to prevent discrimination based on a person's race, sex, religion, age, previous condition of servitude, physical limitation, national origin, and sexual orientation. In American history, there are so many clvll rights movements in the second half of the twentieth century and Congress enacted numerous civil rights statues. Many of these are still in force today and protect Individuals from discrimination and from the deprivation of their civil rights.If we want to talk about civil rights of America, we cannot skip a famous person, Martin Luther King. He is a great leader of human rights In American history. He makes himself reasonable to help people of Birmingham fighting against racial discrimination. For example, King says, â€Å"l am In Birmingham because injustice Is here. † In 1963, he gathered a lot of people in Washington DC and gave his famous â€Å"l have a dream† speech. He inspired his followers; passions and triggered their eagerness to listen to his solutions to unjust situations. Declared in US Constitution, every American is guaranteed civil rights.I think it was not until 1791, that the Bill of Rights was appended to the constitution, which helped clarify these rights to citizens. The famous Dawood stated that rights were eventually applied against actions of the state governments in a series of cases decide by the Supreme Court. Actually, In previous years, Supreme Court had little say in decisions being made by government. As time went on, the Supreme Court took on more responsibility and started making additional decisions, which In time helped minorities gain their civil rights. In 1954, the landmark trial Brown vs. theBoard of Educauon of Topeka Kansas ruled that segregation In public education was unfair. â€Å"We conclude unanimously that in the field of public education the doctrine of Separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. † Many African-Americans waited to hear this quote from Chief Justice Earl Warren after many years of fighting for better educational opportunities by means of school desegregation. That decision changed American history and culture forever. Till this day, it effects our school system s and without that decision changed, who knows what could have and what could have not happened. n civils rights and liberties By ryanheinl to be granted to all under the constitution, changed so greatly in the second half of A civil right is a right or privilege that represents protections by government involuntary servitude; and the right to equality in public places. Discrimination their membership in a particular group or class. Various Jurisdictions have enacted orientation. In American history, there are so many civil rights movements in the statues. Many of these are still in force today and protect individuals from Martin Luther King. He is a great leader of human rights in American history.He discrimination. For example, King says, â€Å"l am in Birmingham because injustice is here. † In 1963, he gathered a lot of people in Washington D. C and gave his famous â€Å"l decide by the Supreme Court. Actually, in previous years, Supreme Court had little took on more resp onsibility and started making additional decisions, which in time Board of Education of Topeka Kansas ruled that segregation in public education was of ‘separate but equal' has no place.

Living at Home and Living Away from Home

Nowadays, most students study at a university after graduating from high school. Due to the distance between their hometowns and colleges, a few students live with their family while many others live far away from home, and the most of them think about living away from home as the best part in their lives because they will have more freedom and that can be really exciting for them. However, they do not realize that living at home has more benefits compared to living away from home. Firstly, I prefer living at home, because students who are living at home can enjoy better living conditions than ones living far from home. As home is the whole family’s place, it is normally large and well-equipped with many electric devices. Also, the work required to keep a home clean tends to go unnoticed when the mother does it. Clean floors, tidy rooms, and fresh laundry tend to be taken for granted. Even though the average teenager may help around the house one of the parents tends to do most of the housework. The floor is always clean, the rooms are always tidy, and laundry is never less than fresh and neatly folded. In addition, students are provided with fresh, nutritious food. On the contrary, dormitory or a rented house are usually small with poor facilities. For example, many students living in a cramped rented house have to use one small space for cooking, eating, learning and sleeping. Also the laundry will pile high and become a daunting task for them to achieve. The back door step will be dirty, and the rooms will become cluttered. Owing to busy learning, students may skip their meals or eat fast food, which badly influences their health. Secondly, living at home differs from living far away in that it helps students avoid financial problems. Living at home, students have the telephone bills, electricity bills and other daily expenses paid by their parents. Also living at home with parents makes bills appear as some fictional scary story. The most a students usually pays for is a car to drive, and a few other luxuries. The parents pay for the water left dripping, the gas burnt by the stove, and the power consumed by the light left on. Students living at home will never even notice any of these expenses. In contrast students living far from home have to pay all those things on their own with a monthly amount of money. Unlike students who receive parents’ instruction, students who do not live with their family often lack financial managing skills. As a result, they often spend money on unnecessary items and cope with running out of money. Another difference is the emotional aspect that you have to face. Living at home can result less frustrating than living alone because you can share the problems that you have with your parents, siblings or any member of your family in order to look for some solutions to difficult situations that you may face. In contrast, if you live away from home most of the time you are going to be alone, so finding someone who wants to listen your problems can be difficult to get. Your friends are going to be the only people that might help you to solve your problems. However, they are not your relatives and sometimes they are not going to be with you. The fourth difference between living at home and away from home is the environmental issue. Life at home is secure and well known. Furthermore, home is where one has lived their entire life and they are well adapted to the surroundings. On the other hand, the new home can be in a complete different neighborhood or city. Also, it’s not always similar to the home people are used to since the new house is usually smaller, less fancier, and it’s usually located in a less attractive neighborhood than the parents’ home. While the students who choose to leave home may think that it’s not a big deal to confront a decrease in their living status, those that choose to stay home might think that the difference in the environment is a major drawback. Finally, the other obvious difference is that living far from home provides students more independence than living at home. It goes without saying that parents want to take good care of children by setting a wide range of rules for them. Moreover, when you have an important meeting and it is impossible for you get home, you can stay at a friend’s house without problems. Consequently, students living with family have to ask for their parents’ permission if they want to go out or invite friends to their homes. Additionally, parents also control their time spent on using computer and TV. In contrast, students living without parents’ control have more privacy ecause they do not have to obey the strict rules. They can go out whenever they want and freely gather with their friends. Thanks to independent life, they can flexibly spend time on learning, surfing websites or playing games without any complaints. In general, though living at home and living far away from home have some considerable differences, each type has its own advantages and disadvantages to students, and at some moment in life you have to decide between staying at home with your parents as you have always done or starting a new life alone that means being independent. At the moment that you want to make a choice between these two styles of life. You should know that living at home and living away from home has some similarities and some differences that you have to consider before making a decision. Therefore, no matter what kinds of living students choose, they can still enjoy their wonderful life at college.

The Girl Next Door essays

The Girl Next Door essays The Girl next door is a hard movie not to like, its a raunchy good charmed teenage movie. Its not hard to see why it is so successful: it is the rare teen movie that manages to be funny and sincere without going to far. If you compare The Girl Next Door to the movie, American Pie, even though American Pie is very popular it resorts to the style of gross humour. The Girl Next door has a lot of adult situations just like American Pie but its better natured, there isnt a eww moment to be found. Matthew, played by Emile Hirsch is a high school senior, the president of the school government and an all-around nice guy. He only has a couple of friends and compared to everyone else at school hes a nerd. He's recently been accepted to Georgetown University, and is a finalist for a scholarship. But when he goes to fill out his yearbook quote at the very beginning of the movie "What I will never forget about high school is...", he realizes he has nothing to remember because he hasnt done anything outrageous or out of the ordinary. All this changes when Danielle moves in next door, which of course is, The girl next door. He watches her first walk into the house then from his room he can see her getting unchanged, she is absolutely beautiful. She saw him looking and then comes over and asks his parents if she can be shown around the town by Matthew. She then embarrasses him by forcing him to strip in the middle of the street while she shines the car lights onto him. They begin to spend time together, and soon they are going out. Their first kiss stands out strongest, Danielle persuades Matt to go to a school party where he is not invited. Matthew gets told to leave, and Danielle is being talked up by a jock. Matthew then stands there and you can tell he is thinking about what to do. Then he does something he wouldnt usually do, he strolls up to Danielle and j ...